任何加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設備，在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時如加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路線設置、加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程序(xu)編制、加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)刀具選擇、機床自身問(wen)題、裝夾問(wen)題及工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)材質等有(you)問(wen)題時，對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精度(du)和加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效率都(dou)會造(zao)成(cheng)影響(xiang)，立式加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心作(zuo)為高精的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設備，減少(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)常用(yong)的(de)方法主要有(you)減少(shao)原始誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)法、誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)補償法、誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)轉移法、誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)分組法、誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)平均法及誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)合成(cheng)法等。

　　一、誤差合成法

　　減(jian)少(shao)機(ji)床(chuang)自身的(de)誤差是(shi)保證(zheng)工(gong)件加工(gong)精(jing)度(du)主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)方法(fa)。誤差合成法(fa)，要(yao)求測(ce)(ce)量出機(ji)床(chuang)各軸的(de)各項原始誤差。激(ji)光干涉儀因具有測(ce)(ce)量精(jing)度(du)高、使用靈活(huo)等特(te)點，是(shi)現在立式加工(gong)中心主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)檢測(ce)(ce)儀器。

　　二、誤差補償法

　　誤差(cha)補償法(fa)是人為地制造一種(zhong)誤差(cha)，去抵消工藝(yi)系(xi)統(tong)固有的(de)原始(shi)誤差(cha)，或(huo)者利(li)用一種(zhong)原始(shi)誤差(cha)去抵消另一種(zhong)原始(shi)誤差(cha)，從(cong)而達到提高(gao)立式(shi)(shi)加(jia)工中心(xin)工件加(jia)工精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)目的(de)。通(tong)常通(tong)過減小(xiao)機床(chuang)間(jian)隙，提高(gao)機床(chuang)剛(gang)度(du)(du)(du) ，采用預(yu)加(jia)載(zai)荷，使有關配合(he)產(chan)生預(yu)緊(jin)力，而減少間(jian)隙影響。還可(ke)以提高(gao)工件和(he)刀(dao)具的(de)剛(gang)度(du)(du)(du)減小(xiao)刀(dao)具、工件的(de)懸伸長度(du)(du)(du)，以提高(gao)工藝(yi)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)剛(gang)度(du)(du)(du)。還可(ke)以采用合(he)理(li)的(de)裝夾方式(shi)(shi)和(he)加(jia)工方式(shi)(shi)，減小(xiao)切削(xue)力及其變化，合(he)理(li)地選擇刀(dao)具材料(liao)(liao)，增大前角(jiao)和(he)主偏角(jiao)，以及對工件材料(liao)(liao)進行合(he)理(li)的(de)熱處理(li)以材料(liao)(liao)地加(jia)工性能等幾種(zhong)方法(fa)。

　　三、直(zhi)接減少原始誤差法

　　直接減(jian)少(shao)原始誤差法(fa)是指在查明影響加工精度的主要(yao)原始誤差因素之后，設(she)法(fa)對(dui)其直接進行減(jian)少(shao)或減(jian)少(shao)。比如立式加工中心(xin)在長時間使(shi)用后，由(you)于自(zi)然磨損造成(cheng)的傳(chuan)動系統定位失(shi)準、反(fan)向(xiang)間隙(xi)等。

　　四、誤差平均法

　　誤(wu)差平均(jun)法(fa)是(shi)利用有密切聯系的表面之(zhi)間的相互比較和相互修(xiu)正，或者(zhe)利用互為基準進行加(jia)工(gong)，以達到立(li)式加(jia)工(gong)中心減少加(jia)工(gong)誤(wu)差的目(mu)的。

　　五、誤差轉移法

　　誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)轉(zhuan)移法(fa)的(de)實質是轉(zhuan)移工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝系(xi)統的(de)集合誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)、受力(li)變(bian)形及熱變(bian)形等引起的(de)綜合誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)。如(ru)立式加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中心進(jin)行一些孔(kong)類加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)同軸(zhou)度不是靠機(ji)床主軸(zhou)回轉(zhuan)精(jing)度來(lai)保證(zheng)(zheng)的(de)，而是靠夾具(ju)保證(zheng)(zheng)，當機(ji)床主軸(zhou)與工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)采用浮(fu)動連接以后，機(ji)床主軸(zhou)的(de)原始誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)就(jiu)不再影響加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)度，而轉(zhuan)移到夾具(ju)來(lai)保證(zheng)(zheng)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)度。

　　六、誤差分組法

　　在立(li)式加工(gong)中心加工(gong)中，由于(yu)工(gong)序毛坯誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)存在，造成了本工(gong)序的(de)(de)加工(gong)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)。毛坯誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)變(bian)化，對(dui)本工(gong)序的(de)(de)影響主要有兩種情況：反應誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)和(he)定位誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)。如果上述誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)太大，不能(neng)保證加工(gong)精(jing)(jing)度，而且要提高(gao)毛坯精(jing)(jing)度或上一道工(gong)序加工(gong)精(jing)(jing)度是不太現實的(de)(de)。

　　這時可采用誤(wu)差分(fen)(fen)(fen)組法，即把毛(mao)坯(pi)或(huo)上工(gong)(gong)序尺(chi)寸按誤(wu)差大(da)(da)小(xiao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為n組，每組毛(mao)坯(pi)的誤(wu)差就(jiu)縮小(xiao)為原來(lai)的1/n，然(ran)后按各組分(fen)(fen)(fen)別調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)刀具與工(gong)(gong)件(jian)的相(xiang)對位置或(huo)調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)定位元件(jian)，這樣就(jiu)可大(da)(da)大(da)(da)地(di)縮小(xiao)整(zheng)(zheng)批工(gong)(gong)件(jian)的尺(chi)寸分(fen)(fen)(fen)散范圍。誤(wu)差分(fen)(fen)(fen)組法的實質是用提高(gao)測量(liang)精(jing)度的手段來(lai)彌補加工(gong)(gong)精(jing)度的不足,從而(er)達到減少加工(gong)(gong)誤(wu)差的影響。